On the trail of a mythErnesto Che Guevara is one of the most formative, but also one of the most controversial historical figures of the 20th century. Thus Holtz described Che Guevara as “a Trotskyist, a Maoist, a Marxist heretic, a Communist Robin Hood, a red pyromaniac, an anarchist and militant dreamer, a radical left-wing idealist”. .The other extreme is godlike veneration, which can be compared to the veneration of Christian saints. These distortions are of course extreme interpretations of his life. Inseparable from Che Guevara is of course Cuba, the state in which Che Guevara, alongside Fidel Castro, managed to carry out the Cuban revolution. This revolution was to make the image of Che Guevara finally part of history. But was the image that Cuba drew of Che Guevara a true reflection of reality? The relationship between Che Guevara and Cuba has never been free of contradictions, so this book is dedicated to a critical biography of Che Guevara, which aims to critically confront the propagandistic exaggeration of Guevara by Cuba. In addition, the book will also deal with the power that Che Guevara’s propaganda image has had in world history. Therefore the main thesis of this book is as follows: What role does Che Guevara play or has played in the past and present for Cuba? This is the question to which this book is dedicated. First, a short biographical sketch will portray Che Guevara. Here his career from childhood to his death will be roughly outlined. This is followed by Che Guevara’s role during the Cuban Revolution. This chapter will go into more detail about Che Guevara’s activities and cover the period from the outbreak of the Cuban Revolution to his resignation as Minister of Industry. Subsequently, the relationship between Cuba and Che Guevara in his other attempts at revolution will be analyzed. The guerrilla in Congo will be briefly discussed, but the focus of the chapter will be on Bolivia and his death. The last chapter deals with Cuba’s role after Che Guevara’s death. In addition, the process of Che Guevara’s creation of myths as an excursus will illustrate the importance of Che Guevara worldwide. The book concludes with a conclusion.